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COPD Score
Critical shortage of healthcare services in the 49431 area.
Data sources: CMS NPPES, Hospital Compare, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Scores recomputed monthly.
19/100
Healthcare Desert
Comparisons
How the 19/100 copd score for 49431 is calculated
Demographics, insurance coverage, and social determinants of health
Physician density, specialist availability, and telehealth
Hospital proximity, bed count, ER access, and facility quality
Commute times, public transit access, and vehicle availability
19
Healthcare Desert · F
26
Limited Access · D-
This ZIP scores 7 points lower for copd than its overall health score.
Each condition score reflects access to the specific specialists, screening facilities, and treatment centers relevant to that condition
Each score uses the same E2SFCA spatial access methodology but filtered to condition-relevant providers — the diabetes score weights endocrinologists and diabetes care centers, while the breast cancer score weights mammography facilities and oncologists.
Access to neurologists, memory care, and cognitive health services
Access to rheumatologists, orthopedics, and pain management
Access to pulmonologists, allergists, and respiratory care
Access to mammography, oncologists, and breast cancer treatment
Access to cardiologists, blood pressure management, and heart care
Access to oncologists, thoracic surgeons, and lung cancer screening
Comprehensive healthcare access across all dimensions
Access to urologists, oncologists, and prostate screening
Access to endocrinologists, insulin providers, and diabetes care
Access to diabetes management, nutrition, and primary care
Health insurance coverage and social determinants of health
The Insurance Index reflects the demographic and social determinants of health in 49431. It factors in insurance coverage, poverty rates, age distribution, and population vulnerability to provide a composite view of community health readiness.
Physician density, specialist availability, and telehealth access
The Provider Density metric measures the availability of healthcare professionals near 49431. This includes primary care physicians, specialists, dentists, mental health professionals, and telehealth availability. A higher score means more providers per capita within a reasonable driving distance.
Hospital proximity, bed count, ER access, and facility quality
The Hospital Proximity metric evaluates distance to hospitals, emergency rooms, urgent care centers, and inpatient facilities near 49431. It factors in hospital quality ratings, bed availability, trauma center level, and average travel time to the nearest emergency department.
Commute infrastructure, public transit access, and vehicle availability
The Transit Access metric captures how easily residents can physically reach healthcare facilities. It combines commute patterns, public transit access, vehicle ownership rates, and walk/bike infrastructure to assess transportation barriers to care.
ZIP code 49431 on the map
Health scores for ZIP codes near 49431
Scores can vary dramatically between neighboring ZIP codes. A 20-point difference often means the boundary between having a hospital within 15 minutes versus needing to drive 45 minutes.
| ZIP Code | City | Score | Grade | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 49454 | Scottville, MI | 26 | F | 7.38 mi |
| 49405 | Custer, MI | 21 | F | 12.03 mi |
| 49449 | Pentwater, MI | 22 | F | 12.23 mi |
| 49411 | Free Soil, MI | 32 | F | 12.73 mi |
| 49410 | Fountain, MI | 20 | F | 13.35 mi |
| 49458 | Walhalla, MI | 19 | F | 16.29 mi |
| 49420 | Hart, MI | 21 | F | 18.39 mi |
| 49634 | Filer City, MI | 38 | F | 18.78 mi |
| 49402 | Branch, MI | 19 | F | 19.58 mi |
| 49436 | Mears, MI | 19 | F | 20.18 mi |
Active physicians sorted by proximity to Ludington, Michigan
Showing 15 physicians
View on MapProvider density is one of the strongest predictors of healthcare access. ZIPs with fewer than 1 provider per 1,000 residents are classified as Health Professional Shortage Areas by HRSA.
Hospitals, clinics, and care centers near Michigan
Healthcare Facility
Healthcare Facility
0.01 mi away
LIGHTHOUSE ASSOCIATES LLC
Healthcare Facility
0.35 mi away
ADVANCED RADIOLOGY SERVICES PC
Healthcare Facility
0.38 mi away
SOUND INPATIENT PHYSICIANS-MICHIGAN PLLC
Healthcare Facility
0.38 mi away
MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER OF WEST MICHIGAN
Healthcare Facility
0.42 mi away
SPECTRUM HEALTH PRIMARY CARE PARTNERS
Healthcare Facility
0.43 mi away
Emergency services access is measured by drive time. The national standard is 30 minutes to the nearest ER. Rural ZIPs often exceed 60 minutes.
Telehealth access and commute patterns affecting healthcare delivery
Telehealth Boost reflects broadband availability and telehealth-capable providers. A higher percentage indicates greater virtual care access, reducing reliance on physical travel.
How transportation barriers affect healthcare access
60/100
High Transportation Vulnerability
Higher scores = more vulnerable to transportation barriers
7.1%
Zero-Vehicle Households
0.01 mi
Nearest Hospital
17,027
Population
Transportation is the #1 non-medical barrier to healthcare access. Patients who lack reliable transportation miss 3x more appointments and have worse outcomes across every chronic condition.
Ludington, Michigan
72.7% of the population in 49431 drive to work alone. 0.6% take public transportation. Approximately 77.6% of residents get to work in less than 30 minutes. The average household size is approximately 2.24 members with about 1.45 cars per household. About 7.1% of households have no vehicle, which can significantly impact access to healthcare facilities.
An estimated 93.8% of residents has some form of health insurance. N/A have public health insurance like Medicare, Medicaid, VA, or TRICARE. About N/A have private health insurance. The uninsured rate of 6.2% is below the national average, suggesting relatively good insurance coverage in this area.
ZIP code 49431 has a total population of 17,027 with a median age of 48.5. The area is 92.3% White, 1.7% Black, 0.5% Asian, and 4.1% Hispanic or Latino. The male-to-female ratio is 0.97. There are 3,279 residents under 18 and 4,784 residents over 65.
The median household income in 49431 is $63,313. 17.1% of households earn under $25,000 per year. 5.3% earn $200,000 or more. Moderate income levels may present some barriers to healthcare access depending on insurance coverage and out-of-pocket costs.
There are 9,959 housing units in 49431, with 5,396 owner-occupied and 2,069 renter-occupied. The median monthly housing cost is $850. Approximately 2,494 units are vacant.
Key demographic data for ZIP code 49431
Population density, median age, and income directly affect healthcare infrastructure. Older, wealthier communities attract more specialists. Younger, lower-income areas often have higher uninsured rates and fewer providers.
Population diversity in ZIP 49431
Healthcare access disparities correlate with racial composition. Racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately located in Health Professional Shortage Areas, and Asian communities often face language access barriers. Source: HRSA, Health Workforce Analysis
Median: $63,313
Median household income is the strongest single predictor of health insurance coverage. ZIPs below $35,000 median income have uninsured rates 3–4x higher than ZIPs above $100,000.
32.0% hold a bachelor's degree or higher
Education level correlates with health literacy — the ability to understand medical information and navigate the healthcare system. Areas with higher bachelor's degree rates typically have better preventive care utilization.
Community reviews for ZIP 49431
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0 reviews
See how 49431 stacks up against nearby ZIP codes in healthcare access.
The CartoChrome Health Score uses an Enhanced Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (E2SFCA) algorithm combining 21 public data sources across 8 components. Each ZIP code receives a composite 0-100 score based on provider density, facility access, transportation infrastructure, and social determinants of health.
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